IDO FOR ALL

English course for learning Ido

N. ApGawain, P.D. Hugon, J.L. Moore, L. de Beaufront, S.L. Rice, J. Muelver and G. Cappelluti*

January 2011, Oxford, United Kingdom**

linguo IDO

Ido (pronounced “ee-doh”) is a constructed language created with the goal of becoming a universal second lan- guage for speakers of different linguistic backgrounds as a language easier to learn than ethnic languages. Unlike English, which is a natural and frequently irregular language, Ido was specifically designed for grammatical, orthographic and lexicographical regularity and to favor no one who might otherwise be advantaged in a situa- tion due to native fluency in a widespread language. In this sense, Ido is classified as a consciously created international auxiliary language. At present, Ido is one of the three auxiliary languages with a large body of literature and a relatively large speaker base, along with Esperanto and Interlingua.

Ido is largely based on Esperanto and first appeared in 1907 as a result of a desire to reform perceived flaws in Esperanto that some of its supporters believed to be a hindrance in its propagation as an easy-to-learn second language. The name of the language traces its origin to the Esperanto/Ido word “ido”, meaning “offspring” , since the language was a “descendant” of Esperanto.

Ido uses the 26 Latin letters of the English alphabet, with no diacritics. It resembles the Romance languages in appearance and sometimes is mistaken for Italian or Spanish at first glance. Its vocabulary is based on those of the major European languages and therefore indirectly on Latin. A number of prefixes and suffixes alter the meaning of words and then give the possibility to create obvious neologisms. Ido is largely intelligible to those who have studied Esperanto, though there are certain differences in word formation, grammar and grammatical-function words that make it more than a simple reform project.

Books in and about Ido have been published in many countries but yet few people know about it. The purpose of this document is to show the great simplicity and practicality of this auxiliary language. Since Ido is much easier than any of the national languages spoken in Europe, much less time and effort is needed if two people both learn Ido than if either learns the other’s mother tongue.

If at the end of this course you feel that you have “fallen in love” with this awesome international language, then please talk about Ido to as many friends as you can and distribute this document widely.

* Document license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 ** Latest document version: http://www.crazyverse.com/ido

Ido for All

Table of Contents

Lesson. 0 Zeresinad SCO ws ci csecdescetaeteieseds saaasdssadanstdccsivahossnesasie l Wie Alphabet. gcse sacacrsesssctte eds ewes si dev eansaasoaceuaenasemteeet It GOS ONBINS sosirsietese ns ssn ree id terre aon art dase an le yale oeiiar a hlescanc l IV O WG lS sccckctessscaaiseditysucscaates beans tsiavseesancamerr acum easels omnapesioeiaasaiads 2 Pi ON OS esos orcas seas sanann coeds teats nescssaneeateeresiaraasbaeuse 3 ACCENIOALONS(SUESS)) sinew ses ewes rede ancien aces 3 PYONUNCIALION- EP XEUCISC > cc4h: 550 Fessin dee sccesepenauaaun sashanbaanane ceeeeacsadess 4 Pips:On eariins LAG sessssssc1 2: cc sete st ceceteeegeanonceeiaesmeesasasstaewe 5

Lesson 01: Unesma. Leciono ..:c.isisscestis ssrvaaccctiieeiee tenes 7 IN@UINS a csussiz seicatdicntesdegsrass teaser sateasasteh eats er eacannaanhand eae aaaels es he nena Aa iC Siycc 2c s5a.t oe ssccc tans rune sesecess tee asec sais iee ae ns 7 EG De Hinite AT Clee recess cers cteiee eet eer ar pesca atta ta 7 BS MS ahaa bb eitewsecit censmes nat unr ctetebazanaeesiuacerectal eam diss leseaashates r VEFOS =-PFCSCIE 1 CNSC ccctsssschcc 08st tes sone cee: sace rene c case cneassanas see ails 9 | Bye | chek 2 01 6 LAAN HENS SRO ne een tr eRe NSO ORES St esr Nera roe 9

Lesson 02. DuesmaseCion0 sisic.ibeccccs decease side siiatesecsatesonewedacsbbecs 13 PACS CUVES o2:25550 2265 37 :cack ence cuus ssibce sate das ts dn cee a ener eee Sans 13 ETS IN GS AU oes nt en a aan oa ek enacts 15 WD STL Vall Obl eriact hos ccessscrseses a vest aceite; ensued gncets deeb k saees 15 Adjectives:= Short FOrms .. -s.c22::2c.1c cance Asetessseasiadistienienad: 19

Lesson 03 = Triesma: Leclono: ocissess cosines sasevavvreentesaxceeeeecsanes 20 DiC SILOS aysses ceases avetegenssassieste neva saseeies aaa 20 | PalL 31 eRe e Rae ee Ta TU MER VEEE Tm eNt Ea ORT UO RRER Pr EP Oe SST ESTEE teEnet IE Ten Ss 22 The Definite Article:- "le" for the Plural............ cco 22 COONS eas scec ce, cranscezeres sc weaneiaseceiietateetauaemnnwases aes nanenee me aeaeateees 25 A Tae TAM CRAG VC ses soc tee eee area eee cot aate esa tiesious aided ashes 25 PRIMI AS 2 ri ncdene fe date cascode ibys cashed ela vccnth bsalla aie eat aswel Selene tee ae

Lesson 04> Quaresmia LecionO x. icecnssdisiseses ccntesteviiosetnteeten eee 28 Vortifado - Word Building... ccececececesseceeeeeesteteaeeeeeeeees 28 POSSESSIONS SO. 2222s cs aed ela aiesaes restos acon eel ekssamize is Sleds 30 COUAIAMEY 3 OG ain cctex estas sendsiustcn ut saccteumiese cde eassnineeen hed mcemar in 31 Wain af 2 0 OOUS iss tacii se ectccs ores toe ceases savas Sucadense o/s Scat 34

Lesson 05 - Kinesma Leciono............cccccccccceccscceeeeeeeeessseeseeeeseeeees 35

Personal: PFOMOUNS s.2scsiesiss cccecessserzessseneaesecleeieiencae eaceen cena 35

Ido for All

Past Pensesccceeiedacsse eet aps eecabascelel gliders saa ada bt 37 Verbs] Past-and: Present cc.ciievias xiv eaareerdecevs wcll ace esw ets a7 Gender-Specitic W OFS s52:205 cite cyan cactikc eee ieee ea 4] PIV CEOS 2 aarccness asks Yi ucceneyvsuecceodaysseaaeecnse nceessdieloasaasantenesa estes 42 Lesson 06 - Sisesma LeCiOn0........... cc cceeeeeeeeseeecceccscecceeeeeeeeceseeeens 45 Intermosative: Pronouns (1) cx. s2sicce. csosthhcsiiseyicceaiicl baddundaieek: 45 INUIMe Tal Sessastcosassans: tienaaatces anes deavannbonswaceesesdasesasassnsenesataeaneens 46 Dims Extended During ieee bore eens iee ele 48 OO OR oa ese sirssennns head sanietsiseceesaehs seppbautia sanaphesaneniaaasiuesersseaetad 48 La familio [fa-MI-lyo] - the family... eee ccecceceeeeeeeees 51 Lesson: 07 =SepesmaLecion0: 2 scutes essences aye HUET SO NCSC acznrescssutee tected berries enchbepnansscin sees adam eedteusect ies 52 Carita INUIMDCTS 4225245222 corrctecs tesa tevassinc ts theta mae tes shane tase 54 POUMSIOL TANS DON sss segs ou tere ee ietee natu she ate a canedy 60 Lesson 08- Okesma LeCiOnO visss:ccssecsccecedesasswevsescceeseencsecnseveseesnoase 61 Oda ING D SIS is ssscc5 252 esasag teticccs tahun Sacehs ets ted sents coe anak 61 IMbomat = MODS ssciai ses eceveer cutee ee aan aan a oaliy dalliance! 61 WAGES 2D AU i sassesvncscasensemasneecaeessssvenens ss sess sassessaceveeccunoosteeeeeaee 62 Westie CONG es ccr22cc ise, teorssces a el as nche cease es oa eeees dies ash adS 63 Interrogative Pronouns : Accusative FOrm.............ccccccsceeeeees 64 AOU PC OPUS ssc oresssideatcmachiddecsssutienseeab an cauis eiede cad asseigtsen 68 Lesson 09 - Nonesma Leciono............cceeeeeeeeseeeccccsecseceeeeeeeeseseeeees 69 Whe ith y ie eet neas ec ease ates cana nd delle 69 ReGICrCICO-WV OL MIS 1S esse veces Gccacacscaececncnnaanenestaaceesancaasteeees 76 Lésson:10 Dékesma: Leciono xs... isles sissiossadaieteeuanousa 78 POSSESSIVE: PrONOUNS i ao0ei eleoe acsearle opntos) Muesalasconceedésdantdedetiewags 78 COnCitional WOO Gi ssac a csssssuees sec nanasis sieves toeceeaessncdeseeavueeeees 719 Comparison of AGjECUVES:xc:.c33ssicccsrdue aaa. 81 BGiliCl = Butlin OS ig. csedeetscasicrsee cle estan uceatar a adler seas eeieus 83 Lesson 11 - Dek e unesma Leciono........... ce eeeeeeecceceeeeceeeeeeeseeees 88 Days Ol the: W Ces a.uvsssce ccs teecsate: cers nt ts esha eee eee cheat tare 88 Pt GL) watsfadaseke oe csnéc ose ed nese pes succleusedsicess ue sioeaa ne saeseseaen lass 89 RGlativ 6 PrOnO Uns sccigscccc crs esses cessasabessaceteacendasssersn meaeeeeet 90 COUT Ciccone a ea eres Petersen Cee eas dane 93 NO Ma ached ee bouetete taste lan eas) leat an arle ie toed ley aa ties eenae 94

Ido for All

The Negative for Auxiliary and Quasi-auxiliary Verbs.......... 97 INGOTS ON TIM ise eet atte sail addi ak we iy oat del 99 "Qua" as an Interrogative Adjective..........ccccceceessteeeeeeeeeees 100 Qua, Qui, QUO - SUMIMALY......... ec ceeceeeccessesseeeeeesesseeeeeeeseaaes 100 WY Cater ke veccteene aid ora n casas nits surat dnc tl aly. dae natty 101 IDE Grienid WEKTOUDIO x: iasscscsdicceteccncetdi cary ceeeussedoccareaheRinieeds 104 Rezumo di la Reguli pri la Puntizado - Punctuation............. 106 Lesson 13 - Dek-e-triesma Leciono...........c cc cccceeeecceceeeeeeeees 107 The Demonstrative Pronoune...........ccccceeeeeeeeecceecccceceeseeueeeesees 107 POSSESSIVGss WHOS eS fo orcs a25 sats 2e ts cscs ase ee ceeds ours adat aes 109 Indeterminate:Objecha "10s that evn erence ese 109 Action Affixes - para, par, esk, ad, 12, 1Z, 1f......... ce ceeeeeeeeeeees 110 Lesson 14 - Dek-e-quaresma Leciono............cceececeseeesteeeeeeeeeees 114 Mote Oni NURIEI aS ieee cei sweeter eee cope ees ers sce ee alate eas ate 114 PAICI 1 OSs x ssa, c.2csscsniles sven scestecadandtivies accheaaaaeetccnie Acme uheeds 116 Lesson 15 - Dek-e-kinesma Leciono..............ccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeees 121 PEPICCE POMS CS ose ea ern atest cats Lament ca aan sd auale 121 PTA TIC Se siceceasscantas cosa adecesusesessuuetnauens sacbaeae sac ceeueuasavene te sameoneases 122 De Lernolibro Italiana: - O1 oo. eeeeesesecceeccceeeeseeeeees 125 De Lernolibro Italiana: - 02.00.00... ceesessseecceecccscesseeeeess 125 Dela: Lermmolibro Haltana::— 03 six. secasssscassseeiceccccsssiseesvaveees 126 De Certena Lektolibro - Lektajo 11... cceceeeeeeeees 126 Lesson 16 - Dek-e-sisesma LeCiONO......... cc cceeecccceeeeeceeeeeeeeeees 128 The Accusative Ending -n: - Me Amoras TU..............::006 128 ECR PASSIN CV. Ol CS isi scope oho s 5 ates ssh da oes bans sata 23 129 PRAMAS sia ae Cac atc tate sta Baa S Des 1a Lea rate Poa sa ana oe Dent sate 131 De. Lemolibro Hahlianad? = 04 sssscccccccussssteseveesessesesaseiossarseew: 133 De Lernolibro Italiana:- 05.0.0... ccceeseeseeecceeccceeeeseeseees 133 De Certena Lektolibro - Lektajo 12... ccccceeeeeeeees 134 Lesson 17 - Dek-e-sepesma Leciono.........eececcceccccceceeeeeeeeeeeees 136 The Accusative Ending -n: - Leono Esas Bestio................... 136 PED OSIONS 2292 es eters neteccatasalae seed ootact cite een eens 138 COM UTI CH ONS sais expen. scecenaavas agaeensneiareesecicaeans acuadas sits cedecssens ca 139 PRT ARES sok hee aeearea de teietatasartansutsan vane be ss sar cewiielecesetounvesnen Dustoes 140 De Lernolibro Italiana: - 06.00.0000... cccccesessssecceecccsceeseeeeses 141

Ido for All

De Lernolibro Italiana: - 08.0... eccccsccceeesessseeeeeesseseeeeaes 142 De certena lektolibro ---- Lektajo 13.0... eeceeeseeceeeeesnees 143 Lesson 18 - Dek-e-okesma Leciono..........cceeeeececeeessteeeeeeeesteeees 145 Indefinite: Pronouns sss. ..02 wssse:seencscssiceidetds un ctececeseewues dehaetances 145 De Lernolibtro Haltamas = 09s wcsrercegs ce aa cece earners 150 De Lemmolibro: Taliana =: 1 Osta: ccs0cscsace suc yaseesicehabertasceeteadte 151 De Certena Lektolibro - Lektajo 14... ccccceeeeeeees 152 Lesson 19 - Dek-e-nonesma Leciono...........eeeceeceeeseteeeeeeeesteeees 153 TCR OI eect tesaensiime ari shhcnsntes sci cxetacesuc twee sancheeentaesspetedeic 153 DSN OOD ca te casak sconce sats tie eee sects ieee tea 223, 153 Lektajo 03: - Vicino - Neighbot.............cccccccccesesssetecteeeeeeeees 154 LCRA O: OF ace ce cess ses assis nsetecandas state eenace suet swt ueachebansaesetetedtec 153 Lektajo 05: - Lumoza Expliko........cccccccesscceeeeescteeeeesenees 156 Lektajo 06: - Acensar e Decensar la Vagono.............::0:000 157 Lektajo 07: - En la Hotelo - (kontoro - reception desk)........ 157 Lektajo:08= Lanctena Urbo x ce: eccccts ineweinarte tienen: 159 Lektajo 09:- La Foxo e la Tortugo (tortoise), Indiana Fablo. 160 Beha OO fees ssedcipeee scent aes cenceasd ac arannnetrae eeu ae aadaaeeeaness 160 Lesson 20 - Duadekesma Leciono ** ReVIZO .........cccceceeceeeeeeees 162 ektajo: (eles Tris Gy Wile ied ssc tare bwelsecre tart ae tres asa 162 Lektajo 12:- Lingui Internaciona/Interkomprenigilo (Means of COMMUNICA OM), 22.26e< sass sasceeast Steet ss Sete ion wuss aheieat 163 Lektajo 13:- Vestaro - Bezonesas Dicernar "Portar" e PAG Al cio athaehass biaah anasuus suse iusa dante edainacneed ee adie mates 164 Proverbi (ek: Proverbaro da PeuS)..............ccccsesssseceeeeeeceeenenes 165 bektajo 14:2 nila Tears tiesictess celeste adi Se.téc 165 Lektajo 15:- La Muso e la Leono (da AesopoS)..........::::c08 167 Lektajo 16:- Du Komercala Letr1........... cc eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeees 168 bektajo. (7: Linowala StlOoc eesti eee eeactelote aise: 170 Lektajo 18:- Pri Idiomaji (idioms) e Propra Kustumo di Natta a Oe sess aceite eso cacs sac aes sh cos cea susan od caeatl ahoaeeess 170 Advanced Lessons (21s 30 )iicores csieciieccniatislevtaters ese aiieeaes 172 Lesson 21 - Duadek-e-unesma Leciono...........cccccceeceessteeeeeeeeeees 173 POSSESSIV C1 AS eae octet easter doesn naan saue dues eeatedie 173 POSSCSSiVe testator ece lita ec ea snitch ee aria alee 174

Ido for All

Popparent: PIM PAl st cscssasasce otter wpa vasaslon ce, s.coilsedeelecucnll ee a% L735 How to translate "adverbs" in English...............ccccseceeeeeeees 175 Noun/(Noun phrase) as an Advetb.............cccccsssseceeseeeseeeeees 176 Aver: aS 4 QUasi-NOUN ss .c5sccs,ssafscdecacaessvenssaaavecisssvavadeccssaons 176 AdVerb:d8 aneAGiSCUV Giacinto ee 176 Andy erb:.as a-COnjUniCOniss.cc.c2ehiscseisceeesiaten tlie sevetchds 176 HOw to. Translate i iwees essen ots Masa reccchh cate i nas ci os duveneadens 176 Lesson 22 - Duadek-e-duesma Leciono...............cccccccc cess eeeeeeeee 178 How-to: Translaté VAT csciccvsnnssceraaziasssanniececscaaascccatsssiuwevezee 178 THAT Should Never Be Omitted... eeeeeeeees 178 Other Words Omitttedecce vate easier a eascueaenses 179 WHOSE OR WIC ss52224.c54-icncaanashotsnatestevsecesacecumpuiauntaaasasenasteetes 179 dWaUdVAhG b’geoa Gl F210 clo eeneeen ne Reena Pere ee er eer so0 Cy ewan emer ae 180 IMSL AL VEG IAUISE hsschy cases es ores oss iaee t ckiunt oss cas 180 COMPAL ALY ieoctce ssa sacs ctehhcctadwesssstocenteeesaetlesasedeacniuaeaeacstadts 181 How to Get Dad and Mom from Father and Mother............. 182 Why You Need "di" Between Noun and Infinitive............... 182 Lesson 23 - Duadek-e-triesma Leciono.............cccccceeeeccceeeeeeeeees 184 How to Translate WHAT. .............ccccccccecccccccccceeesecceeeesessseeeees 184 Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns. ...........ccceecceceeeeeeeeeeeees 185 Wisin "Ouale and, ROU pssiyssere icsnss ceneaes tacedecsssnienne 187 Lesson 24 - Duadek-e-quaresma LeciOno............ceeeeeeeeeseseteeeees 188 How to Translate SHA osu. ccsecoacesstsvasnecseiodicarneetn sexs 188 How-to Translate’ W Ub le dcssactttcccecssssezetavavevccctsessensessesdaescsess 188 How to Translate SHOULD. ......... 0c ccc cccceeeeeeceeeeeeeees 189 How to Translate WOULD Qo. eeecccecccceeeeceseeeeesseeeees 189 How: to: Translate MACY scseccecess ccc scesccdeacssatiecensdesteebouvesteces 190 How: to: Translate MUST ccicc sisccstis caissdantississtavgssacsieadebieds 190 How to Translate CAN AFFORD... ccceeeeccseeeeeees 190 PADUA LAN CL case sacs cacuanassessesseseas sas actanoestborcateaecenarauieeeeiencatess 191 Cian’ © Of, Tense: 22225622 soos ous teiesns2ci02s shed cnecet pee ee serie 19] "Small Talk" Questions and Phrases.............c:ccccccccseesesseeeeees 192 How: to: Wrans late 1 eons ssvene oes cans saasseceacedugsssisssesenaeceees 193 Noun Plus "Di" Plus Infinitive, Again................c::cseeseeeeeeeees 194 Lesson 25 - Duadek-e-kinesma Leciono............ cc eceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeees 195

How to Translate the English -ING.............cecesesseeeeeeeseneees 195

Ido for All

How to Translate the English "To" .......ccccccceccecceeceeeeeenees 198 How to Get the Most out of -ir, -ar, -or and -ur*................ 198 Lesson 26 - Duadek-e-sisesma Leciono.............:cccccseseeeeeeeeeseeees 200 Dist OF PrepOSilOns sssccsecasec taccusdspecscaus vast we seheeaeaavauass ac caceeuanees 200 Fama Prep@s ttl Ons .cxce isin acosca at ot eet meses dn at teen t 202 PREPOSITIONS AS ACVCIDS c::2¢:hesrseesish ese cctedinticieseeaameeeaeeaks 203 penseAccording (0 PlaCe sissies saaaesaeasasa tacauacheveseateententes 203 Prepositions: aS. V-l0Si22s uve ae ee! 204 Further Discussion on Prepositions in "Letters" ................. 204 Lesson 27 - Duadek-e-sepesma LeciOno............c:ccceceeesseeeeeeeenees 205 Passive Voice Translated by On/OnU..............cccescceceeeeseteees 205 Preposition Detore [ntiiity Goe.c2c: hott ssscetisshsdenanteseciacneeaeeediade 206 Fier s@ tid lV StS: acic ntsc cs Sposa ecet et tater aitcas inks essere 206 Pimie OF Day: REViC W iesssocnsee as ett aon as oda cen oa 207 Arithimeticn< Review s:.c.c::xsnttssiaesi betes iie cas cee ser ahead 208 Days. Niomths etess = Review sic: 2: deecicees sean dseetucducaivae fetee as 208 Wihatare “Ereative Vers? uence esate eens 209 Lesson 28 - Duadek-e-okesma Leciono...........ccccccecceessteeeeeeeeeees 210 List of Principal Conjunctions............ccccesesecceeeesteceeeeeestteeees 210 Comipound:C onjunchons: «eee en vies ccedesdnaaweidecn 211 Translate Meaning, not Just WOrdS............cccccccccecceceeeeeeeeeeees 211 Do Something, and Do Something Else..............cceeeeeeeeeees 212 RS essing sana mas acteYeniers creda yet sand tite ne alae tceneca an atadcaa ed Zl Kone Quale= "As" and "LAKE cecssssssazescscneseessessaxconeeonetics 213 INO Biss isstestensa hea stecaetaesiaieedaa accents ena ead eetatenian: 213 Ek Don Quijote de la Mancha.........ccceecesessssssesesteteeeeaees 214 MOTO ANG: SU Oe sias sat hanes. sued te ces snseciautonern has saleiedss oy ssdeadeeyenass® 214 Lesson 29 - Duadek-e-nonesma Leciono.............ccccceessseeeeeeeeees 216 List- of Principal Ad Verses: siccs2 acc lisconacncnaesteceredacereoses 216 BA seats see teins chaeia ah cassesag ssct eye eata aiarasaiddeeantsainee tied mnausass 218 | RA allt eeeeerere te eetere eee reerrae teen Cee rre re enneCeee Tey CT Te Wrenn Tere tt rere 218 DNS Tec racdecteucca, crcl Bi aesa ast ael aided Secu Doo sienna tens taasaat sane sats 219 TO ss vicersiecnusesntcsacninetevedatuasenawadissedearesbaniaines: cecison aueneanss 219 Lesson 30 - Triadekesma Leciono............cccceesseccccceeeeeeeeseeeeeeees 220 ORGER OE WOLGS seco cc chced eda aera cede eases senso e ete 220

Ido for All

Compound: W.OtdS:csssheisiatessoscent eet seal oasencases deeds cat eceatees 221 I IMIPET SONA. NV CTOS Sesto seer ess acetate rah ian acl a Notas 222 IDET AU OM gracacssavcsctsaiscdelsesdcecaashansiiie sbeviadesscaasneeaandersiadocdereacs 222 Titles Of COUtESY .xssres.svassitcehcat seu ueecesccenevenasscty aewaeaceaceee. 223 TUT SLO ioe spanned aren tay ates esha ccc oheiua etch nO cattle eda alana scares 224 Compound Words, AgGain.............ccccccssscscccsssssceeseessesteceeeeeeees 224 Appendix - Notes on Derivation............ccccccccccessssesssnssetteeeeeeees 226 Substantives from Adjectives...........cccccsssscccesesesteceeeseesseeseees 228 ADP CNGIx =: PIOHRMES 1c cc sccdsestioincstcrchecsnater iat idiaclaeu acetate enced. 229 ADPENC IKE = (SUM IRCS 2122 hpstseu co: eat ghe goes tess taste tenets anu satle ts 2s 232 General INGOTS ecesecstrncrtescedesasicauedt austere ices eecssahanegasten: 242 Appendix =-Numeral SuttixeS ve..:02ccsseec0cceitsesdsnnecietieeecenda add. 243 Compounded::W Ord: sccuscscussss2sccc05 2; poaciecs sane cciaeten ae, 243 Numeral Pune 0 a t0n is. seceeev ee ut ates weiner 243

Lesson 0 - Zeresma Leciono 1

Lesson 0 - Zeresma Leciono

The Alphabet

Ido uses all the 26 letters found in the English alphabet. There are no silent letters. Every letter in a word must be pronounced. Each letter has its own particular sound value which distinguishes it from all others. There are no double letters, except where both are to be pronounced separately.

Consonants

Most consonants have exactly the same pronunciation as in English: b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, v, w, Z, qu, sh.

The other consonants are revised in Ido as follows: c - as "ts" in bits (Ido "ca" is pronounced "tsa"), never as in the

English "k" or "s" sounds used for "c".

WO

g - always as the hard "g" in get, never as the soft "g" in "gin".

h - always sounded, honoro [ho-NOR-o] - never silent as it is sometimes in English:honor [ON-er].

" sg"!

j - voiced "s" as in French, 1.e. like the "s" in pleasure.

r - rolled (tongue-flick) if possible, but in any case always pronounced, even in such words as portar [porr-TARR].

s- as "s" in (English) "soft", never a voiced "z" sound as in (English) "fuse" [fyooz].

x - as English "x" [ks, gz], except that the Ido never has ihe: 2 sound found in English "xylophone", but retains the "ks" or "gz" sound even at the beginning of words: xilofono [ksi-lo-FO-no].

" x" "wom

y - this is a consonant as in "yellow", and is never a vowel.

ch - as "ch" in "chat", never as the "ch" in "machine".

2 Ido for All

Vowels

Vowels have approximately the following sounds (but see notes below):

a-as "a" in father. e - as "e" in then, or pet. - as "1" in machine, an "ee" sound. 0 - as "o" in glory, an "oh" sound. u - as "u" in rude, an "oo" sound. Important Notes

e There is room for a little variation in the length of the vowel sound, but it should not be too long or too short.

e "a". Avoid making the "ah" sound too long, so that it becomes "aah" or even worse "aahr".

" e" " y"

e Never pronounce as in English "meter". Avoid adding a or "ee" sound to ae Ido "e" so that it sounds like the "ay" in English "way".

e Avoid too much of an "eey" sound to the Ido "1". Never pronounce "1" as in the English word "white", so be careful how you say such Ido words as "mikra" [MEE-kra].

"oO "

e Avoid adding an "oo" or "w" sound to the Ido "0", as is the case with English "no" which rhymes with "know"

" u"

e Never pronounce as in the English words "use" or "universal", i.e. a "yoo" sound instead of "oo". So be careful with words like "uzata" and "universala".

e Always say each vowel clearly. Never give a vowel the obscure "uh" sound that is found in many ae words, e.g.

the "a" in "across", the "e" in "begin", or the and "u" in "button".

Lesson 0 - Zeresma Leciono 3

Diphthongs

A diphthong is a vowel sound resulting from two vowel sounds combining. In Ido there are two simple diphthongs:

e@ au -a(ah) + u(0o) giving the "ow" sound found in English "now". It is never pronounced as English "au" in "Paul".

e eu-e(eh) + u(oo). This is an "eh-oo" sound which does not exist in standard English. "eu" is never a "yoo" sound as in English "neutral".

Note

e "u" before a vowel will tend to become like "w", e.g. linguo [LIN-gwo].

Mat

before a vowel will tend to bceome like "y", e.g. pekunio [pe-KU-nyo].

All other vowels should be said separately: "ai" is "a-i" [ah-ee"| and "ae" is "a-e" [ah-eh], etc, not the blended, sliding English sounds of combined vowels.

Accentuation (Stress)

All English words have at least one syllable which is stressed more than the others: BUTter, inTELLigent, ELephant, beGIN. In English there is no obvious rule about where the stress occurs in a word. It could be in any syllable.

In Ido there is a simple rule with only one exception: The stress always falls on the second-last syllable.: HUN-do, KA-to, LINguo, faMIlio [fa-MEE-lyo], akaDEmio [a-ka-DEH-myo].

Here's the exception: verb infinitives (recognizable by -ar, -ir, -or endings) have the stress on the last syllable for clarity in speech: pozar [po-ZAR], drinkar [drin-KAR], drinkor [drin-KOR], drinkir [drin- KIR], donar [do-NAR], donor [do-NOR], donir [do-NIR].

4 Ido for All

Examples

Amar' [amAR], kredir' [krediIR], finoor’, [finOR]

ama'ta [amATa], kreo'ta [kreOta], fino'ta [fiNOta]

espere'ble [espeREble], facin'da [facINda]

jo'yo [JOyo], boa'o [boAo], muze'o [muZEo]

hero'o [heROo], di'o [DIo], du [DU]

fo'lio [FO-lyo], li'lio [LI-lyo], men'tio [MEN-tyo], Ita'lia [1-TA-lya] a'quo [A-qwo], lin'guo [LIN-gwo]

por'tuo [PORR-two], re'vuo [RE-vwo]

Pronunciation Exercise

Ka vu ja ler'nas la no'va lin'guo internacio'na? ka vu ja LERR-nas la NO-va LIN-gwo in-terr-na-ci-O-na kah voo zhah lairnahs lah nohvah leengwoh eentairnahtsiohnah

Me komen'cis studiar' olu an'te kel'ka di'l, me ko-MEN-cis stu-DYARR O-lu AN-te KEL-ka DI-1 meh kohmentsees stoodeeahr oh-loo ahnteh kelkah dee-ee

e me tro'vas ke olu es'as ve're tre faci'la. e me TRO-vas ke O-lu ES-as VE-re tre fa-Cl-la eh meh trohvahs keh oh-loo ehsahs vehreh treh fahtseelah

Om'na-di'e me lek'tas tex'to dum un ho'ro; OM-na-DI-e me LEK-tas TEX-to dum un HO-ro omnah-dee-eh meh lektahs tekstoh doom oon hohro

me sem'pre lekt'tas lau'te.

me SEM-pre LEK-tas LAW-te [LAw-te, never laU-te!, au being a diphthong. |

meh sempreh lektahs louteh

Kavu kompre'nas to?

ka vu kom-PRE-nas to ka voo komprehnahs toh

Lesson 0 - Zeresma Leciono 5

The names of the letters in Ido-alphabet are: a be ce [cho] de e fe/(ef) ge he/(hash) 1 je ke le/(el) me/(em) ne/(en) 0 pe que re/(ere) se/(es) [sho] te u ve/(ev) we xe/(exe) ye and ze

The forms in parentheses are alternative and unauthorized names. Some Europeans cannot distinguish between b/v, v/w, s/z and s/sh. And the descendants of the Roman Empire do not pronounce "h" very well, since H is a "hush" sign for the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French etc. In addition, the Japanese are deaf to the differences between b/v and I/r. So the alternative forms may help to clarify which letter is being pronounced.

Tips on Learning Ido

Your brain has a language-learning-and-using function that is specialized from other learning behaviors. The trick to learning languages is to tap into the power of that specialized function, to "get past" the standard learning and memorization operations of the brain so you can use the marvelous language tools in the brain's higher functions. Here are some ideas we have found useful and productive:

Many small bites are better than a few big bites. You will learn Ido faster if you break your learning sessions into three 20-minute sessions a day in preference to one 60-minute session.

Learn your first 800 words by diligent memorization. After the first 800 words, you will be expanding your vocabulary primarily by absorption, by reading in Ido and making educated guesses at the meaning of new words.

Read aloud. Even better, record your own voice reading aloud, then re- read the selection while you listen to your recording.

Repetition is the key to accessing your brain's language centers. Repeat new words several times, repeat your read-aloud selections, repeat yesterday's chapter before starting on today's, and rewrite your word lists and flash cards every time you miss a test-translation to repeat your corrections.

Get an English-Ido and Ido-English dictionary, and learn to use it. We like the HTML (web-page) electronic version of Dyer's dictionary, compiled by David Mann, available from the North American Ido Society's web site.

Write in Ido, on a first draft. Don't write your thoughts out in English,

6 Ido for All

then translate from there. Instead, think out your sentence in English if you have to, then write a draft translation in Ido. Reread you Ido, and revise as necessary to polish it up. Eventually, you'll be able to think directly in Ido.

Keep a daily journal, in Ido. Get a notebook, and every day, write about a half-page of text in Ido. You don't have to create deathless prose or profound poetry, so any text will do. Describe your room, your surroundings, your family, your childhood, your rants and raves on the topics and news stories of the day. Paraphrase or record from memory the dialog or example conversation from yesterday's lesson. Write anything, but write every day.

If possible, get online (by computer), and read the messages and conversations in some of the Ido news or mail groups. Don't worry about knowing the exact meaning of everything you read. Just try to pick out whatever you can, and see how well you can follow the discussion by guessing when you have to. Eventually, you'll be tempted to join in with some comments of your own. Give in to the tempation! Post a message! The Idists who participate in discussion groups welcome new members, and will gladly offer their support and (usually) gentle correction to help your learning progress.

Find and join, or create, a group of Ido activist-students. Language is for communication, and you are only really using Ido if you are communicating in Ido. Get some friends and relativse to join you on your journeys in Idia (Ido-land).

Don't be afraid to make mistakes when you are speaking or writing in Ido. The important thing is to try, make corrections, and try again. Mistakes are part of the process, and give you points of focus for your learning.

Every once in a while, go back and read through some of the early chapters of the first Ido book you studied, and appreciate how much progress you've made since those early days.

Most importantly, have fun! Learning Ido should be an entertaining adventure, not some kind of heavy, grinding chore. If you find yourself getting too serious and grumbly, lighten up! It could be worse, you know, like if you were trying to learn English as a second language!

Lesson 01 - Unesma Leciono -

Lesson 01 - Unesma Leciono

Nouns

A noun is a person, place, or thing, anthing that you can see, hear, touch, or put a name to, like "table", "chair", "man", "cat". In Ido, all singular nouns end with the letter -O: kato (cat), hundo (dog), tablo (table). Plural nouns end with -I: kati (cats), hundi (dogs), tabli (tables).

The Indefinite Article

In English we say "a table" and "an egg". The "a" and "an" are indefinite articles. Ido does not use indefinite articles. It is enough to say "ovo" for egg or "an" egg; "tablo" for table or "a" table, and so on, when referring to "some unspecified" egg or table, or "any" egg or table.

The Definite Article

The definite article "the", used to specify a particular object being discussed, is "la" in Ido: matro - a mother (such as "any mother"); la matro - the mother (a specific mother, the one we are discussing).

Es s "Is"

The Ido word "es" is roughly the English word "is" as in "he is", but also takes the place of "am" or "are" as in "I am" and "you are". Ido uses the one word "es" where English uses several different words "am-is-are" to accomplish the same function: me es - I am; vu es - you are; elo es - she is. The Ido way with verbs is to keep everything simple, and very regular, with no exceptions or special treatments or tricky conjugations.

Notes

"Es" is a short form of "esas", Though "es" is more convenient, "esas" is just as common. Use either form, by personal preference.

8 Ido for All

Vortaro (vocabulary)

me - I/me yuno - teenager/ a youth vu - you yunulo - boy

buxo - box yunino - girl

domo -house la - the

gardeno - garden en - in

hundo - dog sub - under

kato - cat sur - on

muso - mouse

tablo - table esas/es - is/am/are Exempli

Mary is a girl. - Mary esas yuno. // Mary es yunino. (You may say either "esas" or "es".

Charles is a boy. - Charles esas/es yuno. // Charles esas/es yunulo. The house is in the garden. - La domo esas/es en la gardeno.

I am in the garden. - Me esas/es en la gardeno. (Say "meh", not "mee".

I am in the house. - Me esas/es en la domo. You are in the house. - Vu esas/es en la domo. You are under the table. - Vu esas/es sub la tablo.

A dog is on the table in the house. - Hundo esas/es sur la tablo en la domo.

Rex is a dog. - Rex esas/es hundo.

William is a cat. - William esas/es kato.

The dog is in the house. - La hundo esas/es en la domo. The cat is on the table. - La kato esas/es sur la tablo.

The box is under the table. - La buxo esas/es sub la tablo. The cat is on the box. - La kato esas/es sur la buxo.

The mouse is in the house. - La muso esas/es en la domo. The mouse is in the box. - La muso esas/es en la buxo.

The mouse is under the table. - La muso esas/es sub la tablo.

Lesson 01 - Unesma Leciono 9

Verbs - Present Tense

A verb is an action or "doing" word: see, read, touch, chase. Verbs in Ido all have identifying endings, "verb endings", so you can easily recognize a verb when you see one. In English, the same word could be a verb or a noun: you can pull a plow, or plow the field. That doesn't happen in Ido, where nouns end in -O (or -I for plurals), and verbs do not.

The verbs you have seen so far in this book all have the ending that shows the present tense, the ending -AS. The present tense is used when the action in the verb is happening NOW:

Me vidas la hundo. - I see the dog. Vu tushas la kato. - You touch the cat.

These are actions taking place at the present moment, so the present tense is used. In English there is more than one present tense - I touch the dog, I am touching the dog. Both of these expressions describe actions taking place in the present. Because the meanings of these two are so similar, Ido says them both in the same way: Me tushas (I touch or am touching) la hundo. "Me lektas la libro" could therefore be either "I read the book" or "I am reading the book", (or even "I do read the book").

Remember this, especially when translating English into Ido. Don't translate "I am touching" or "you are reading" word for word. Until you can think naturally in Ido, it is best to change them in your mind to "I touch" and "you read" and then translate that simple form.

Ed/e - "And"

The Ido for "and" is "ed". The final -D, which is part of the root, is often dropped if the following word starts with a consonant. It is a question of which one sounds better. Officially you may suit yourself and chose the one you prefer, "ed" or "e". In practice most Idists use "e" if the following word starts with a consonant, and "ed" if it starts with a vowel. Three other words which you will learn later - a/ad, o/od, ka/kad - allow the same flexibility.

10 Ido for All

Vortaro (Vocabulary)

drinkas - drinks aquo - water havas - has (got) fenestro - window lektas - reads lakto - milk manjas - eats libro - book prizas - likes pomo - apple promenas - walks/strolls pordo - door regardas - looks (at) stulo - chair tushas - touches e/ed - and

vidas - sees

Exempli

I have a dog. - Me havas hundo.

I see the dog. - Me vidas la hundo.

The dog sees me. - La hundo vidas me.

I like the dog. - Me prizas la hundo.

I like milk. - Me prizas lakto.

The dog has the milk. - La hundo havas la lakto.

The cat drinks the milk. - La kato drinkas la lakto.

You drink the milk. - Vu drinkas la lakto.

I have the apple. - Me havas la pomo.

I am eating the apple. - Me manyas la pomo.

The boy/girl is eating the apple. - La yuno manjas la pomo. I am looking at the mouse. - Me regardas la muso.

The mouse sees the water. - La muso vidas la aquo.

The mouse is eating the book. - La muso manyjas la libro. The book is on the table. - La libro esas/es sur la tablo. You read the book. - Vu lektas la libro.

You are reading the book. - Vu lektas la libro.

The cat looks at me. - La kato regardas me.

The cat looks at the door. - La kato regardas la pordo.

Lesson 01 - Unesma Leciono 11

You are touching the door. - Vu tushas la pordo.

The cat is touching the window. - La kato tushas la fenestro. I am touching the window. - Me tushas la fenestro.

I am walking in the garden. - Me promenas en la gardeno.

You and the dog are walking in the garden. - Vu e la hundo promenas en la gardeno.

The table and chair are in the house. - La tablo e la stulo esas/es en la domo.

Vortaro:- Vocabulary

Bona jorno - Hello (Good day)

Til rivido - Good-bye (Until we meet again) Quale vu standas? - How are you?

Tre bone danko - Very well thank you.

Now when you meet another Idist, or go to a congress or international gathering you have the beginings of a simple conversation.

Konversado:- Conversation

Here is a conversation between Peter and Mary. P: Bona jorno!

M: Bona jorno!

P: Quale vu standas?

M: Tre bone, danko. Quale vu standas?

P: Tre bone, danko.

M: Til rivido!

P: Til rivido!

12 Ido for All

Exerco:- Exercise 1. Practice the conversation phrases.

2. Think in Ido of the things you know: Touch the door and say to yourself, "Me tushas la pordo"; read a book and say "Me lektas libro"; and so on, to use and repeat as many of the words you've learned as possible.

3. Read aloud every Ido sentence in a lesson as many times as possible.

4. When you begin a new lesson, start by paging back and reviewing and reading the Ido sentences in the previous lesson, to get your Ido "frame of mind" into high gear. Then dive into the new lesson.

Lesson 02 - Duesma Leciono 13

Lesson 02 - Duesma Leciono

Adjectives

Adjectives are words which modify nouns and describe the appearance or quality of something: big, small, bad, beautiful, red. Ido adjectives are easily recognised by their -A ending, as shown in the vocabulary below.

Vortaro

dormas - sleeps anciena - old (contrary to new) drinkajo - drink olda - old (of living beings) floro - flower bela - beautiful

kavalo - horse blua - blue

manjajo - food granda - big/large

muro - wall mikra - little/small

por -for reda - red

plado - plate yuna - young

taso - cup anke - also

kompras - buys hike - here

lernas [LERR-nas] - learns mea - my

habitas - lives vua - your

parolas - talks/speaks adhike - "to" here

pozas - puts adsur - onto/upon Exempli

You are learning Ido. - Vu lernas Ido.

You speak Ido. - Vu parolas Ido.

I am learning Ido. - Me lernas Ido.

I speak Ido. - Me parolas Ido.

I have a beautiful house. - Me havas bela domo. My house is big. - Mea domo esas/es granda. The house is big. - La domo esas/es granda.

I live here. - Me habitas hike.

I sleep in the garden. - Me dormas en la gardeno.

14 Ido for All

My dog is old. - Mea hundo esas/es olda. My dog also lives here. - Mea hundo anke habitas hike.

The dog sleeps in my small garden. - La hundo dormas en mea mikra gardeno.

The little cat looks at the big dog. - La mikra kato regardas la granda hundo.

You live in a beautiful house. - Vu habitas en bela domo. You sleep on the beautiful table. - Vu dormas sur la bela tablo.

The cat sleeps under the beautiful flower. - La kato dormas sub la bela floro.

The horse is old. - La kavalo esas/es olda. The little horse is young. - La mikra kavalo esas/es yuna. The young horse likes the drink. - La yuna kavalo prizas la drinkajo.

You are buying food for the horse. - Vu kompras manjajo por la kavalo.

I buy food here. - Me kompras manyajo hike.

I am putting your plate here. - Me pozas vua plado adhike.

The plate is red. - La plado esas/es reda.

I am putting food on the plate. - Me pozas manjajo adsur la plado. The old mouse eats the food. - La olda muso manjas la manjajo. A drink is in the small cup. - Drinkajo esas/es en la mikra taso. The blue cup is on the table. - La blua taso esas/es sur la tablo. You see the mouse in the cup. - Vu vidas la muso en la taso. Your milk is also in the cup. - Vua lakto esas/es anke en la taso.

I am putting the book on the wall. - Me pozas la libro adsur la muro.

Lesson 02 - Duesma Leciono 15

The Negative The negative 1n Ido is formed by using "ne". It means "not".

In English we say "I am not, I must not, I have not (I haven't)". But in Ido the negation "ne" is usually in front of the verb:

Me ne es, Me ne havas, but, Me ne mustas - I don't have to... Me NE mustas trar adibe. - I do not have to go there.

Me NE mustas facar to. - I don't have to do it (no responsibility to do it).

Me mustas NE facar to. - I must not do it (total responsibility to NOT do it, stronger sense than "I don't have to do it.").

Most verbs in English add "does" or "do" to help form the negative: I "do" not have (J don"t have). Peter "does" not read (doesn"t read).

Ido forms negatives without using an equivalent to "do" or "does". Ido uses the same simple "ne" pattern for all negatives:

Me ne havas (I do not have), Peter ne lektas (Peter does not read).

Derivation

Ido creates many new words (called "derivations") from a smaller group of "root" words (called "radicals") by adding new beginnings and endings to the roots to specify the meaning. We will have many, many examples of this process. Our first example shows how to make nouns from adjectives. The process is simple: change the adjective ending -A to the noun ending -O, and you have a noun with the same sense of the adjective:

bona - good -> bono - good one/ good man. yuna - young -> yuno - young one/ young boy or girl acesora - accessory -> acesoro - an accessory.

You can also go the other way, to create adjectives from nouns: oro - gold -> ora - golden, made of gold.

16 Ido for All

Exempli

I am - Me esas/es. I am not - Me ne esas/es.

I have - Me havas. I haven't - Me ne havas.

I see - Me vidas. I don't see - Me ne vidas.

I like - Me prizas. I don't like - Me ne prizas.

I walk - Me promenas. I am not walking - Me ne promenas

I am not old. - Me ne esas/es olda.

I don't see you. - Me ne vidas vu.

You don't see me. - Vu ne vidas me.

I don't like the house. - Me ne prizas la domo.

I am not eating the food. - Me ne manjyas la manjajo.

The dog doesn't speak Ido. - La hundo ne parolas Ido.

You do not live in London. - Vu ne habitas en London.

The dog is not learning Ido. - La hundo ne lernas Ido.

Maria doesn't live in Paris. - Maria ne habitas en Paris.

You are not looking at Maria. - Vu ne regardas Maria.

You are not reading the book. - Vu ne lektas la libro.

The plate is not in the house. - La plado ne esas/es en la domo. The dog isn't looking at the horse. - La hundo ne regardas la kavalo. The cat is not sleeping in the box. - La kato ne dormas en la buxo.